基于计算流体力学的寒区土壤水热耦合模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡锦华  陆峥  仝金辉  李小雁  刘绍民  杨晓帆 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):948-963

土壤水文过程（水分运移和传热）及其对气候变化的响应是寒区水文学的前沿问题。然而,冻土的存在使得寒区土壤水文过程变得极其复杂。此外,寒区自然环境恶劣,较难获取长时间序列和高分辨率的野外观测资料。近年来,充分利用已有的观测数据,构建寒区土壤水热耦合模型,并开展相应的数值模拟研究,已成为理解寒区土壤水文物理过程,揭示其动力学机制的重要途径。基于寒区土壤水文物理过程和计算流体力学方法,构建了高分辨率、适用于完全饱和状态下的寒区土壤水热耦合模型,且自主研发了相应的数值求解器和软件包。随后,通过一系列完全饱和状态下的验证算例,如经典的一维传热方程解析解、被广泛应用的二维基准测试算例和室内土柱冻结实验等,对已构建的模型进行了系统的检验。模型模拟结果与解析解、基准算例的结果以及实验数据相比,均有较好的一致性,表明该模型较为准确且高效地模拟了寒区土壤在完全饱和状态下的水分运移和传热过程,尤其能够精细刻画冻土水-冰相态变化等关键过程,有望成为研究寒区土壤水文过程的有力工具。  相似文献   

内蒙古黄岗梁铁锡矿床中红色萤石的地球化学特征及成因探讨     

陈缘  韩禹  许博  刘金高 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3869-3879

内蒙古黄岗梁萤石呈现稀有的红色特征,该颜色萤石全球产量稀少,本文利用LA-ICP-MS原位测试技术对其微量元素地球化学特征进行了系统分析,探讨黄岗梁铁锡矿床中红色萤石的成因。微量元素分析结果显示黄岗梁萤石样品中总稀土元素含量较低,并表现出左倾的富集重稀土特征,其中红色和粉色萤石的稀土元素配分曲线显示出Dy-Tm拱顶式凸起的配分模式,表明其结晶作用发生在成矿流体演化的最后阶段;Y/Ho比值104~197,与热液成因萤石一致,且La/Ho比值为0.027~0.126,具强的负异常,表明了黄岗梁萤石为热液成因;Ce/Ce^*比值0.57~0.98,Eu/Eu^*比值0.22~0.63,均表现出负异常,表明形成黄岗梁萤石的热液流体是在相对还原环境下形成且温度高于200℃。综合分析萤石的地球化学特征和其与围岩的接触关系,认为黄岗梁萤石主要分为两阶段结晶,一阶段为与石英同期结晶形成红色、粉色部分,二阶段为在石英形成后结晶形成的由阳起石他色致色的绿色部分,而黄岗梁萤石罕见的红色是由于Y元素较为富集且含量远高于其他稀土元素,从而形成YO₂色心并在萤石中作用而显色。  相似文献   

Dissolution characteristics of deep?buried dolostone in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in southern Ordos Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Lei Han  Huang Wen-Hui  Yi Shuo  Wang Ya-Ting 《古地理学报》2021,22(6):1041-1054

The different types of deep-buried dissolution process in the Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the southern Ordos Basin and its influence on the reservoir properties are studied in this paper. It shows that three types of mechanisms include organic acid fluid, hydrothermal fluid and TSR are identified through studies of core observation, thin section analysis, inclusion temperature, trace elements and rare earth elements. It is found that the dissolution of organic acid fluid causes the stratified dissolution pores, film-like asphaltene and ring-like asphaltene, while hydrothermal fluid causes the non-selective dissolution pores without petrofabric, veins of pyrites, massive pyrites and the association of hypothermal minerals. Four occurrence models of dissolution include, (1) the deep-buried dissolution of low-temperature hydrothermal fluid occurs in Zhiluo Period of Middle Jurassic; (2) the deep-buried dissolution of organic acid fluid started from the late Middle Jurassic followed by the first hydrocarbon injection; (3) the deep-buried dissolution of middle-high temperature hydrothermal fluid occurred in the Dongsheng Period of Early Cretaceous; (4) TSR occurred at the end of Early Cretaceous with the second larger hydrocarbon injection. Both organic acid fluid and hydrothermal fluid can improve the porosity and permeability of reservoir, but the hydrothermal fluid is more effective than that of organic acid fluid.  相似文献   

Discussion on research advances and hot issues in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs          下载免费PDF全文

Luo Jing-Lan  Li Chi  Lei Chuan  Cao Jiang-Jun  Song Kun-Peng 《古地理学报》2021,22(6):1021-1040

The research on diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoir is developing rapidly in recent ten years. Thus, it is of great significance in academic and scientific exploration to summarize the domestic and international research progress and the key issues of frontier research on diagenesis. The research progress, main achievement and recognition in diagenesis of clastic-rock reservoirs in recent years is discussed, and the hot issues or developing trend of diagenesis in the future is probed in this paper, on the basis of summarizing the previous research results and understanding, combined with the typical research examples at home and abroad. It is believed that great progress was obtained in provenance and parent rock constraints on sandstone types and their diagenetic evolution pathways, impact of fluid-rock interaction and its product on diagenesis, influence of thermodynamics and overpressure background on diagenesis and pore development, the timing sequence between hydrocarbon accumulation and filling process and the sandstone reservoir becoming low permeability-densification. At present, diagenetic research is developing in direction of the spatial and temporal dynamics and quantitative evolution mechanistic and diagenetic system controlled by the basin fluid dynamics, thermal dynamic processes, combining the micro-scale diagenesis research with the basin macroscopic background such as sedimentation from the source to the basin, burial history, hydrocarbon maturity and charge into reservoirs, tectonic evolution and fluid activity, and fluid and rock interaction.The aim of this paper is to induce the academic peers and experts in diagenesis and the related research fields to come forward with their valuable contributions, to cooperate and work together and joint efforts on the research exquisite, profundity and breadth of diagenesis, and application of the most advanced analytical measurement techniques and methods, as well as integration and infiltration of multidisciplinary, in order to promote the course of the clastic-rock reservoir diagenetic research in China.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地一里坪盐湖成盐卤水成分变化及其意义——来自LA- ICP- MS分析石盐流体包裹体组成的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡宇飞  汪明泉  赵艳军  焦鹏程 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2109-2120

一里坪盐湖是柴达木盆地一个以富锂卤水为主的干盐湖,蕴藏有丰富的卤水钾锂资源,目前对成矿过程中卤水的成分及其演变规律方面的研究较少.论文选取一里坪盐湖中部钻孔HC2105岩芯的石盐为主要对象,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱法开展了单个石盐原生流体包裹体成分分析,探讨恢复了一里坪盐湖地区晚更新世以来成盐期的古卤水成分.结果表明,一里坪盐湖下层石盐古卤水Li、B、K等离子浓度均高于上层石盐,这说明晚更新世成矿条件更好.古卤水中Li、B、K和Mg等离子具有正相关性,再结合对Ca离子浓度变化的研究,说明一里坪盐湖的主要物质来源为那棱郭勒河,深部卤水对其物质来源贡献较小;石盐流体包裹体中各离子浓度的演变规律与钻孔沉积韵律以及古气候变化三者基本可以拟合,从而证实盐湖卤水成分变化受到古气候变化的影响,干冷期可能更有利于富锂卤水矿的形成.  相似文献   

桂西北丹池成矿带He、Ar同位素特征及其矿床成因指示     

蔡明海  李晔  彭振安  胡志戍  胡鹏飞  肖俊杰 《地质学报》2021,95(12):3758-3767

桂西北丹池成矿带是我国南方重要的有色金属矿业基地.本文对成矿带内芒场矿田马鞍山Pb-Zn矿和大山Sn-Zn矿、大厂矿田铜坑Sn多金属矿、五圩矿田箭猪坡Pb-Zn多金属矿等4个主要矿床矿石黄铁矿流体包裹体He、Ar同位素进行了研究.结果 表明,丹池成矿带内典型矿床成矿流体的3He/4He=0.79～5.32 Ra,介于地壳流体(0.01～0.05 Ra)与地幔流体(6～9 Ra)特征值之间,40Ar/36 Ar=273～351,接近或略高于大气40 Ar/36 Ar特征值(295.5),不同矿床成矿流体中均有幔源组分的参与,地幔流体参与成矿作用是一个区域性事件.结合区内泥盆纪喷流沉积作用、燕山晚期花岗质岩体及构造特征等综合研究认为,参与成矿作用的地幔组分主要来自壳幔相互作用过程中沿NW向深大断裂上升的深源地幔流体,丹池成矿带内成岩、成矿作用是燕山晚期同一构造-热事件产物,矿床成因属后生热液充填交代成矿.  相似文献   

CONDITIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMAL PERTURBATIONS: APPLICATION IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECASTS     

田洪军  李泽椿  王栋梁  王斌 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(4):421-436

Considering the feature of tropical cyclones (TCs) that strong positive vorticity exists in the lower layers of troposphere, this study proposed to use vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function to find the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), which was largely different from those previous studies using total energy of perturbed forecast variables. The CNOP was obtained by an ensemble-based approach. All of the sensitive areas determined by CNOP with vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function for the three cases were located over the TC core region and its vicinity. The impact of the CNOP-based adaptive observations on TC forecasts was evaluated with three cases via observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Results showed obvious improvements in TC intensity or track forecasts due to the CNOP-based adaptive observations, which were related to the main error source of the verification area, i.e., intensity error or location error.  相似文献   

地下资源开采与诱发地震：现状与进展     

陈鹏  吴中海  马立成  周春景 《地质论评》2023,69(2):691-700

页岩气、地热等清洁能源正成为全球能源开发日益重要的组成部分,也是我国未来能源产量增长的主体,对保障能源资源安全、支撑双碳目标意义重大。然而随着页岩气、地热等地下工业开采活动规模的不断扩大,由此引发的地震灾害问题正日益受到人们的关注。强化工业活动与诱发地震关系研究、管控相关诱发地震灾害风险成为全球面临的重要课题和挑战。基于此,笔者等调研了工业活动诱发地震的全球典型案例,系统介绍了不同国家(美国、加拿大和韩国)工业活动诱发地震的现状及其差异,并对流体注入诱发地震的主要途径、物理机制、相关作业参数和诱发地震关系等做了全面的综述。发现诱发地震不仅与流体注入参数(体积、速率等)相关,还受控于特定的区域地质背景和断裂条件。合理管控地震灾害风险、促进相关能源的开采,应该统筹开采区地质地球物理的综合调查和开采过程的动态监测。  相似文献   

高温水基钻井液研究及应用进展     

徐蒙 《地质与勘探》2023,59(4):901-908

向地球深部进军是我国必须要解决的战略性科技问题,深部钻探是精准探测地球深部的直接手段。随着探测地球深度的增加,深部钻探工程面临着更加复杂的高温高压钻进环境,对高温钻井液的性能提出了更高的要求。近年来,高温钻井液取得了快速发展,国外的高温钻井液抗温能力已超过260℃,而国内高温钻井液技术也在加速发展,目前仍以“三磺”、“聚磺”体系为主,抗高温能力在240℃左右。本文在对比国内外高温水基钻井液进展的基础上,分析总结了国内外主流高温处理剂及高温水基钻井液的种类、功能与工程应用情况,探讨了其在工程应用中存在的问题以及未来的技术发展方向等。提出了未来国内深部钻探高温钻井液面临的关键问题及优先发展方向,主要有研制与优化耐260℃以上高温的处理剂与钻井液体系、开发配套耐高温仪器与系统、控制经济成本以及保护生态环境等方面,将为我国未来实施的万米深地钻探工程奠定技术基础。  相似文献   

河南塔山萤石矿地球化学特征及成矿年龄     

张凯涛 《地质与勘探》2023,59(2):236-247

为探究河南塔山萤石矿的成矿流体、成矿温度、成矿年龄及矿床成因,对研究区稀土元素、流体包裹体和Sm-Nd同位素特征进行了研究。研究区经历多期次的成矿作用,紫色萤石形成时间较早,紫色萤石成矿早期成矿流体中的稀土元素由吸附状态逐渐过渡到络合物状态,成矿晚期成矿流体中的稀土元素主要以络合物形式存在,为主成矿阶段,其球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式和Y/Ho值与牛心山黑云母二长花岗岩、大理岩基本一致,指示三者之间有一定的成因联系。浅绿色萤石形成时间相对较晚,其与紫色萤石的稀土元素配分模式差异较大,表明二者具有不同成矿物质来源。塔山萤石矿发育气液两相包裹体,包裹体均一温度为143.6～168.5℃,盐度(NaCl_eqv)为7.02%～10.43%,密度为0.95～1.01 g/cm³;包裹体气-液相成分以H₂O为主,含有少量C₂H₆,成矿流体属于低温、中低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H₂O体系。测得的浅绿色萤石的成矿年龄为(141±13)Ma,为研究区萤石成矿年龄上限,推断...  相似文献